When A Law Is In Its Nature

Whether A Law Be Void For Its Repugnancy To The Constitution, Is, At All Times, A Question Of Much Delicacy, Which Out Seldom, If Ever, To Be Decided In The Affirmative, In Doubtful Case. ... But It Is Not On Slight Implication And Vague Conjecture That The Legislature Is To Be Pronounced To Have Transcended Its Powers, And Its Acts To Be Considered As Void. The Opposition Between The Constitution And The Law Should Be Such That The Judge Feels A Clear And Strong Conviction Of Their Incompatibility With Each Other.

State Inspection Laws, Health Laws, And Laws For Regulating The Internal Commerce Of A State, And Those Which Respect Turnpike Roads, Ferries, &c. Are Not Within The Power Granted To Congress. ... Inspection Laws, Quarantine Laws, Health Laws Of Every Description, As Well As Laws For Regulating The Internal Commerce Of A State, And Those Which Respect Turnpike Roads, Ferries, &c., Are Component Parts Of This Mass. No Direct General Power Over These Objects Is Granted To Congress, And, Consequently, They Remain Subject To State Legislation.

A Constitution Is Framed For Ages To Come, And Is Designed To Approach Immortality As Nearly As Human Institutions Can Approach It.

This Government Is Acknowledged By All, To Be One Of Enumerated Powers.

The Power To Tax Involves The Power To Destroy;...the Power To Destroy May Defeat And Render Useless The Power To Create.