Every Important Idea In Science Sounds Strange

Individuals Who Break Through By Inventing A New Paradigm Are Almost Always Either Very Young Men Or Very New To The Field Whose Paradigm They Change. These Are The Men Who, Being Little Committed By Prior Practice To The Traditional Rules Of Normal Science, Are Particularly Likely To See That Those Rules No Longer Define A Playable Game And Conceive Another Set That Can Replace Them.

Research Under A Paradigm Must Be A Particularly Effective Way Of Inducing Paradigm Change.

"normal Science" Means Research Firmly Based Upon One Or More Past Scientific Achievements, Achievements That Some Particular Scientific Community Acknowledges For A Time As Supplying The Foundation For Its Further Practice.

What A Man Sees Depends Both Upon What He Looks At And Also Upon What His Previous Visual-conceptual Experience Has Taught Him To See.

To Turn Karl [popper]'s View On Its Head, It Is Precisely The Abandonment Of Critical Discourse That Marks The Transition Of Science. Once A Field Has Made The Transition, Critical Discourse Recurs Only At Moments Of Crisis When The Bases Of The Field Are Again In Jeopardy. Only When They Must Choose Between Competing Theories Do Scientists Behave Like Philosophers.