Learning Is Any Change In A System

Most Of Us Really Aren't Horribly Unique. There Are 6 Billion Of Us. Put 'em All In One Room And Very Few Would Stand Out As Individuals. So Maybe We Ought To Think Of Worth In Terms Of Our Ability To Get Along As A Part Of Nature, Rather Than Being The Lords Over Nature

The Engineer, And More Generally The Designer, Is Concerned With How Things Ought To Be - How They Ought To Be In Order To Attain Goals, And To Function.

Many Individuals And Organization Units Contribute To Every Large Decision, And The Very Problem Of Centralization And Decentralization Is A Problem Of Arranging The Complex System Into An Effective Scheme.

Learning Results From What The Student Does And Thinks, And Only From What The Student Does And Thinks. The Teacher Can Advance Learning Only By Influencing The Student To Learn.

The Aim ... Is To Provide A Clear And Rigorous Basis For Determining When A Causal Ordering Can Be Said To Hold Between Two Variables Or Groups Of Variables In A Model . . . . The Concepts Refer To A Model-a System Of Equations-and Not To The 'real' World The Model Purports To Describe.