In Science Novelty Emerges Only With Difficulty,

"normal Science" Means Research Firmly Based Upon One Or More Past Scientific Achievements, Achievements That Some Particular Scientific Community Acknowledges For A Time As Supplying The Foundation For Its Further Practice.

No Part Of The Aim Of Normal Science Is To Call Forth New Sorts Of Phenomena; Indeed Those That Will Not Fit The Box Are Often Not Seen At All. Nor Do Scientists Normally Aim To Invent New Theories, And They Are Often Intolerant Of Those Invented By Others.

History, If Viewed As A Repository For More Than Anecdote Or Chronology, Could Produce A Decisive Transformation In The Image Of Science By Which We Are Now Possessed.

Literally As Well As Metaphorically, The Man Accustomed To Inverting Lenses Has Undergone A Revolutionary Transformation Of Vision.

The Transition Between Competing Paradigms Cannot Be Made A Step At A Time, Forced By Logic And Neutral Experience. Like The Gestalt Switch, It Must Occur All At Once (though Not Necessarily In An Instant) Or Not At All.