Evolution As Such Is No Longer A

Our Understanding Of The World Is Achieved More Effectively By Conceptual Improvements Than By Discovery Of New Facts

The History Of Science Knows Scores Of Instances Where An Investigator Was In The Possession Of All The Important Facts For A New Theory But Simply Failed To Ask The Right Questions.

According To The Concept Of Transformational Evolution, First Clearly Articulated By Lamarck, Evolution Consists Of The Gradual Transformation Of Organisms From One Condition Of Existence To Another.

The Issue, As Correctly Emphasized By Carl Sagan, Is The Probability Of The Evolution Of High Intelligence And An Electronic Civilization On An Inhabited World. Once We Have Life (and Almost Surely It Will Be Very Different From Life On Earth), What Is The Probability Of Its Developing A Lineage With High Intelligence? On Earth, Among Millions Of Lineages Of Organisms And Perhaps 50 Billion Speciation Events, Only One Led To High Intelligence; This Makes Me Believe In Its Utter Improbability.

In Neither His Definition Nor The Examples Illustrating What Memes Are Does Dawkins Mention Anything That Would Distinguish Memes From Concepts.