Early Chinese Thinkers Had Taken Variety At

So Far Unitarian Realism Claiming To Possess Positive Knowledge About Ultimate Reality Has Succeeded Only By Excluding Large Areas Of Phenomena Or By Declaring, Without Proof, That They Could Be Reduced To Basic Theory, Which, In This Connection, Means Elementary Particle Physics.

Today Science Prevails Not Because Of Its Comparative Merits, But Because The Show Has Been Rigged In Its Favour... It Reigns Supreme Because Some Past Successes Have Led To Institutional Measures (education; Role Of Experts; Role Of Power Groups Such As The Ama) That Prevent A Comeback Of The Rivals.

Every Profession Has An Ideology And A Drive For Power That Goes Far Beyond Its Achievements And It Is The Task Of Democracy To Keep This Ideology And This Drive Under Control. Science Is Here No Different From Other Institutions.

Given Any Rule, However "fundamental" Or "necessary" For Science, There Are Always Circumstances When It Is Advisable Not Only To Ignore The Rule, But To Adopt Its Opposite. For Example, There Are Circumstances When It Is Advisable To Introduce, Elaborate And Defend Ad Hoc Hypotheses, Or Hypotheses Which Contradict Well-established And Generally Accepted Experimental Results, Or Hypotheses Whose Content Is Smaller Than The Content Of The Existing And Empirically Adequate Alternative, Or Self-inconsistent Hypotheses, And So On.

Events And Developments, Such As ... The Copernican Revolution, ... Occurred Only Because Some Thinkers Either Decided Not To Be Bound By Certain "obvious" Methodological Rules, Or Because They Unwittingly Broke Them.