Each Paradigm Will Be Shown To Satisfy

We May... Have To Relinquish The Notion, Explicit Or Implicit, That Changes Of Paradigm Carry Scientists And Those Who Learn From Them Closer And Closer To The Truth... The Developmental Process Described In This Essay Has Been A Process Of Evolution From Primitive Beginnings-a Process Whose Successive Stages Are Characterized By An Increasingly Detailed And Refined Understanding Of Nature. But Nothing That Has Been Or Will Be Said Makes It A Process Of Evolution Toward Anything.

Probably, The Single Most Prevalent Claim Advanced By The Proponents Of A New Paradigm Is That They Can Solve The Problems That Led The Old One To A Crisis.

What A Man Sees Depends Both Upon What He Looks At And Also Upon What His Previous Visual-conceptual Experience Has Taught Him To See.

Almost Always The Men Who Achieve These Fundamental Inventions Of A New Paradigm Have Been Either Very Young Or Very New To The Field Whose Paradigm They Change.

Under Normal Conditions The Research Scientist Is Not An Innovator But A Solver Of Puzzles, And The Puzzles Upon Which He Concentrates Are Just Those Which He Believes Can Be Both Stated And Solved Within The Existing Scientific Tradition.