A Theory Which Is Not Refutable By

Every Intellectual Has A Very Special Responsibility. He Has The Privilege And The Opportunity Of Studying. In Return, He Owes It To His Fellow Men (or 'to Society') To Represent The Results Of His Study As Simply, Clearly And Modestly As He Can. The Worst Thing That Intellectuals Can Do - The Cardinal Sin - Is To Try To Set Themselves Up As Great Prophets Vis-à-vis Their Fellow Men And To Impress Them With Puzzling Philosophies. Anyone Who Cannot Speak Simply And Clearly Should Say Nothing And Continue To Work Until He Can Do So.

In My View, Aiming At Simplicity And Lucidity Is A Moral Duty Of All Intellectuals: Lack Of Clarity Is A Sin, And Pretentiousness Is A Crime.

There Is No History Of Mankind, There Is Only An Indefinite Number Of Histories Of All Kinds Of Aspects Of Human Life.

Optimism Is A Duty. The Future Is Open. It Is Not Predetermined. No One Can Predict It, Except By Chance. We All Contribute To Determining It By What We Do. We Are All Equally Responsible For Its Success.

But It Is Certainly Not Possible To Insist On One Hand That The Formalism Is Complete And To Insist On The Other Hand That Its Application To 'the Actual' Actually Demands A Step Which Cannot Be Derived From It.